Create a New Binder. Aho, Ravi. Sethi, Jeffrey D. Sethi, R. Wesley, The GNU version, Flex, can be downloaded, along. JDK 1. A programming language is a formal language comprising a set of strings that produce various From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Chapter 2 Programming languages.
Formal syntax and semantics of programming languages - a laboratory based approach. Attribute grammar paradigms—a high-level methodology in language implementation. Laboratory activities for studying the formal semantics of programming languages. The current thrust in undergraduate computer science education is to emphasize the laboratory nature of the discipline, but little has been done to introduce laboratories at the graduate level. Proof theoretic approach to specification languages.
Phillip, Michael J. May Major Professor: Dr. Henry G. Most parallel … Expand. View 1 excerpt, cites background. Programming Language. A programming language is one kind of written instruction that tells computers what to do. It is a grammatical formula for a computer system. Any kind of computer program or computer software is … Expand.
The examples deal with basic values, like integers, and arrays. Chapter 4 deals with data in imperative languages.
Data representation facilities such as arrays, records, and pointers, have been stable since Pascal and C appeared. The treatment of these facilities anticipates their use to represent objects in Chapters 6 and 7.
Chapter 5 rounds out the discussion of the core of imperative languages, embodied in a language like Pascal or C.
Among the topics are the distinction between the source text of a procedure and its activations, parameter passing, scope rules, and storage allocation. This book illustrates imperative programming using Pascal, where possible.
Pascal suffices as a vehicle for Chapters C is an alternative. As programs get larger, the natural unit of programming is a grouping of data and operations. The progression of concepts for such groupings can be described in terms of modules, user-defined types for example, stacks , and classes as in object-oriented programming. Chapter 6 begins with of programming with procedures, modules, and classes. These constructs serve distinct needs and can be used in combination with each other: procedures are needed to implement operations in a module or class; modules can be used to statically partition the source text of a program with classes.
Some versions of Pascal support modules; they can be used for the first half of Chapter 6 as well. The model of computation in Chapter 7 is that of independent objects. The objects interact by sending messages to each other. Functional programming is worth studying as a programming style in its own right; as a setting for studying concepts such as types; and as a technique for language description.
The emphasis in Chapter 8 is on concepts, in Chapters 9 and 10 on programming style, and in Chapter 13 on language description. The computational model is based on an expression interpreter; an expression consists of a function applied to subexpressions.
The emphasis in Chapter 8 is on concepts. The simplicity of functional languages makes them convenient for introducing concepts such as values, types, names, and functions. The simplicity results from the emphasis on expressions and values, independent of the underlying machine. The chapter treads ground common to functional languages, using ML as the working language. The fundamental difference between ML and Lisp is that ML is typed; the influence of types permeates the language.
Chapter 9 uses ML to illustrate the use of functions and datatypes. As first-class citizens, functions have the same status as any other values in functional programming. This first-class status permits the creation of powerful operations on collections of data.
Functional programming originated with Lisp. Programs and data are both represented by lists in Lisp; the name is a contraction of ''List Processor. Chapter 10 explores the use of lists, using the Scheme dialect of Lisp. See also Chapter 13, which contains an interpreter for a small subset of Scheme, and Chapter 14, which covers the lambda calculus.
Logic programming goes hand in hand with Prolog, in Chapter Logic programming deals with relations rather than functions. Where it fits, programs are concise, consisting of facts and rules.
The languages uses the facts and rules to deduce responses to queries. Concurrent programming is illustrated using Ada, in Chapter An alternative approach would have been to cover concurrent programming after object-oriented programming.
Processes can be formed by giving each object its own thread of computation. The present organization puts functional programming before concurrent programming.
The methods for language description in Chapter 13 are aimed at specialists. The methods range from attributes used for language translation, to logical rules for used type inference, to interpreters used for clarifying subtle language questions. A language can be described by writing a definitional interpreter for it, so called because its purpose is to define the interpreted language; efficiency is not a concern. Chapter 13 develops an interpreter for a small subset of Scheme.
The lambda calculus is the intellectual ancestor of functional languages. The small syntax of the lambda calculus has also led to its use as a vehicle for studying languages. Variants of the lambda calculus are introduced in Chapter The chapter progresses from the pure untyped lambda calculus to typed lambda calculi. A graduate seminar at Rutgers University gave me both the opportunity and the incentive to collect material on programming languages. An undergraduate course at Harvard University used an early draft of this book.
Written comments by the students in the course were very helpful.
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